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…The Court took the view that the prosecution’s failure to call those two suspects as witnesses raised the inevitable presumption that had they been called they would have given evidence unfavourable to the prosecution’s case…

…This raised the inevitable presumption that witnesses if called would have given unfavourable evidence against the prosecution. This failure on the part of the prosecution was fatal to the conviction.…

…Mr Prinja, in arguing grounds 5 and 6 of his appeal, alleged that the judge had considered the cases of the prosecution and of the defence in isolation to each other and had first accepted the evidence adduced by the prosecution…

…The learned judge set out the case for both the prosecution and the defence in some detail.…

…The prosecution case accepted by the two lower courts was that the house of Sister Wafula, a matron at Mr Elgon Hospital at Kitale was broken into on November 20, 1981, and six table chairs, two small tables, a fire place…

…The second accused’s evidence supported the prosecution’s case in a material respect. It undermined the appellant’s defence.…

…At the close of the prosecution case the appellant’s advocate told the court that the defence would be an alibi. The appellant made an unsworn statement in court.…

…Halima was called to testify for the prosecution. She was declared a hostile witness.…

…In any case where an indictment contains substantive counts and a related conspiracy count, the judge should require the prosecution to justify the joinder, or failing justification, to elect whether to proceed on the substantive…

…The magistrate in that case had called upon the prosecution to justify or elect. That is the order that should have been made in this case.…

…It appears that the prosecution accepted a plea to manslaughter contrary to section 205 of the Penal Code, that is that he unlawfully killed the deceased.…

…Where, however, the prosecution desires to include the other limbs of the offence of handling, the following further count should be added.”…

…Perhaps the learned magistrate thought better of relying on an alternative verdict different from the alternative chosen by the prosecution.…

…APPELLANT VERSUS REPUBLIC……………RESPONDENT (Appeal from a conviction and sentence of the High Court of Kenya at Nakuru (Lady Justice R Nambuye) dated 26th November, 1992 in HC CR A No 387 of 1992) JUDGMENT The entire case for the prosecution…

…There was nothing wrong in the appellant having in his possession Kshs 18,000 and he did not have to explain how he came to be in possession of that sum of money, especially as the prosecution had not established that the…

…The prosecution never established the circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt could be drawn and in the absence of establishing such facts there could not be a hypothesis of guilt of the appellant.…

…The appellant however has taken the prosecution witnesses to task. He has pointed out carefully some discrepancies in their evidence.…

…Their petitions of appeal, filed on the July 23, 1984, each contained lengthy grounds, but in particular attacked their respective identifications by the prosecution witnesses, upon which of course, their convictions mainly…

…“for want of prosecution”.…