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…Be that as it may, counsel makes reference to the equitable doctrine of promissory estoppel which is based on conduct of one party where parties have a contractual relationship.…

…Clearly, the doctrine of promissory estoppel does not apply outside a contractual relationship as it essentially qualifies the requirement of consideration in a contract as the party relying on it can only cite the promise…

…had a pending criminal case and the principle of legitimate expectation could not arise as the parties had no contractual relationship and Section 44 (4) of the Employment Act was inapplicable.…

…relationship between the parties for the expectation to arise and the applicant had no locus standi to claim legitimate expectation.…

…Counsel submitted that the purported reinstatement in 2017 vide letter dated 24th August, 2017 was irregular as he could only be reinstated to the same position he held and had no contractual relationship with the 3rd respondent…

…While the 2nd Respondent maintained that it ought not to have been joined in this suit as it had no contractual relationship with the Petitioner, the Petitioners position was that the 2nd Respondent was a necessary party…

…2nd Respondent is seeking the striking out of its name from the suit on the premises that there was no employment relationship between it and the Petitioner and that the 1st and 2nd Respondent had a separate and distinct contractual…

…That when the contractual relationship lapses the interns will go back home. That the Respondent had already renewed the contracts of those willing and the Petition was related to NAIROBI CA.CA NO.…

…Counsel, further submitted that the teacher internship program was voluntary and the terms were explicit and the court had no reason to interfere with the contractual relationship.…

…Respondent’s Submissions As to whether there was a contractual relationship between the claimant and the Respondent, Counsel submitted that the claimant did not produce a job advertisement or his application letter.…

…The claimant sued a party it had no contractual relationship with and failed to demonstrate why the party ought to be held liable for another company’s breaches.…

…Afrocox, it is clear from the correspondence, is interested in this matter only as an agent of Ashford and has no contractual relationship with the plaintiff.…

…Where there are two versions and there is a probability of both versions being true, or both being untrue then the burden of proof is not discharged. [19] In an action anchored on a contractual relationship the burden of…

…Stripped off the legal jargon, what is before the court is an employment dispute between the Petitioner and the respondent regarding recovery of dues after reinstatement [2005 – 2014] and other dues arising from the contractual…

…relationship between the parties.…

…Stripped off the legal jargon, what is before the court is an employment dispute between the Petitioner and the respondent regarding recovery of dues after reinstatement [2005 – 2014] and other dues arising from the contractual…

…relationship between the parties.…

…That the consent dated 15th December 2025 was illegal as there was no contractual relationship between the advocate representing the 6 employees and the rest of the 4000 employees and the court lacked jurisdiction to handle…

…That the consent dated 15th December 2025 was illegal as there was no contractual relationship between the advocate representing the 6 employees and the rest of the 4000 employees and the court lacked jurisdiction to handle…

…Ltd & Heineken International B V Maxam Ltd (Supra) where the court held that “At this stage it suffices to emphasise that the doctrine of legitimate expectation was inapplicable to the contractual relationship between Heineken…

…The basis lies in the contractual relationship of customer and banker, but with the added element of the payee built in.…

…Appropriate Relief Having found that the claimant failed to demonstrate that she had an employment contract with the respondent from 1st March 2025 or rendered services for 90 days from  1st March 2025 to 30th May 2025, the only contractual…

…relationship the claimant had with the respondent was the 14 days fixed term contract which she voluntarily signed, a fact she admitted on cross-examination.…

…Whether or not there is a contractual relationship between parties is both a factual and legal question and not a pure point of law as envisioned in Mukisa Biscuit Manufacturing Co.…

…Contracts are underpinned on the theory of freedom of contract which is to the effect that parties are free to enter into any contractual relationship of their choice provided it is legal and any attendant formalities are…

…The downside of the theory of freedom of contract is that it is grounded on the assumption that there is parity in bargaining contractual relationships, which is seldom the case, as in most instances one party is more dominant…

…Thus there was a retainer - a contractual relationship between the appellants and Mr Keith on behalf of his rm whereby he undertook expressly or by implication to full the appellants obligations in connection with the transactions…

…The retainer created a contractual relationship between the advocate and the client irrespective of whether two or more clients are involved. That is to say that the relationship is not tripartite.…

…Appropriate Relief Having found that the claimant failed to demonstrate that she had an employment contract with the respondent from 1st March 2025 or rendered services for 90 days from  1st March 2025 to 30th May 2025, the only contractual…

…relationship the claimant had with the respondent was the 14 days fixed term contract which she voluntarily signed, a fact she admitted on cross-examination.…

…Deferment of the reporting date did not affect the contractual relationship.  He remained an employee as defined under Section 2 of the Employment Act.…

…It is self-execution as it terminates the contractual relationship and the parties can only revert to the former position by another agreement or reinstatement. The order prayed for is declined.…