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…The contradiction in the evidence of Mutunga and assistant chief is more than obvious.…

…The evidence of Mutunga that he took the roll of bhang tied in a cigarette packet to the assistant chief cannot be believed if the evidence of the assistant chief is accepted.…

…In this case the categorical evidence of recognition of the appellants both of whom heard her evidence and had opportunity to refute those statements.…

…The complaints in grounds 2 and 4 of the appeal are that the alibi evidence of both appellants were summarily dismissed without due consideration and that the judgment was against the weight of the evidence.…

…The evidence of PW 2 is not as specifically supported by other evidence as that of PW 1 and I warn myself of the danger of accepting his evidence.…

…In this case I am satisfied that the evidence of PW 2 is acceptable considered in relation to the evidence of PW 1, PW 6, PW 7 and the doctor, and may be acted upon.…

…There was no evidence that the counting was in James’ presence.…

…There was evidence that the lavatory was near a common path to and from the house of Philip.…

….………..RESPONDENT JUDGMENT The sole question of law in this appeal is whether the decision of the judge to invoke section 166(1) and (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code is warranted on the evidence.…

…Mr Aminga urged that that particular evidence was within the province of the defence and that if the defence had had the opportunity to lead medical evidence, the defence would have demonstrated that there were no chances…

…His conviction depended upon two strands of evidence; first, the identification by the sole evidence of the complainant, and secondly the appellant’s possession of a stolen car two days after the incident in the area of Nairobi…

…Whether that is possible, depends upon clear evidence of identification apart from the parade.…

…There is therefore absolutely no evidence or prima facie evidence linking the 2nd accused to the death of the deceased. In the circumstances he cannot be called upon to defend himself.…

…All the police officers who testified in this trial did not confirm the evidence that they were given the description of the attackers.…

…As regards the evidence in support of the prosecution case the court below relied on the identification of the appellant by both PW 1 and PW 2.…

…The learned trial magistrate considered all the evidence before him and including the appellant’s defence and was satisfied on the basis of that evidence that it was the appellant who snatched the complainant’s property.…

…As regards the evidence in support of the prosecution case the court below relied on the identification of the appellant by both PW 1 and PW 2.…

…The learned trial magistrate considered all the evidence before him and including the appellant’s defence and was satisfied on the basis of that evidence that it was the appellant who snatched the complainant’s property.…

…From the evidence of the complainant Patel (PW1) the appellant did not stop at the T-junction as he joined Kilunhga street. It would appear that the appellant was coming from the left-hand side junction.…

…The appellant in his evidence testified that he was on his correct side of the road when the complainant came driving on his wrong side of the road and hit him.We have now examined the evidence on record and it is clear that…

…The learned magistrate considered all the evidence and accepted the evidence of the police officers with regard to finding of rounds of ammunitions in the coat at the house of the appellant.…

…It was not necessary to call the suspects for robbery who pointed out the house of the appellant unless the circumstances so required such evidence.…

…There is no evidence by the complainant to prove that the same belonged to him.…

…in order for it to be proved and failure to bring medical evidence is not fatal to the case and the sentence was well merited.…

…In fact even where one accused gives evidence on oath such evidence must be regarded with extreme caution when it is to be used against a co-accused.…

…Nevertheless, the evidence against the appellant was overwhelming and when the second accused’s evidence is disregarded he still was correctly convicted on the evidence of recent possession of recently stolen properties and…

…On the issue of identification which is the real question for decision in this appeal, the evidence discloses that PW 1 was the only identifying witness as regards the first appellant Marie.…

…The trial court disregarded the evidence of identification.…

…Secondly, it is desirable that the court admits only evidence which is admissible in law, and what is admissible in a substantive offence and in a conspiracy may cause confusion.…

…The reason is that it renders admissible evidence of what one prisoner says in the absence of the others, because if they are all conspirators what one of them says in furtherance of the conspiracy could be admissible evidence…

…It cast doubt on the identification evidence against him. Hence, the case against him was not proved beyond reasonable doubt.…

…His evidence – in – chief having thus not been tested, cannot fairly be taken against the appellant.…

…His evidence would have to be carefully scrutinized. He said he was outside, he called it the Murangi Town Hotel bar, at 5.00 am on the 10th/11th.…

…No rule of natural justice, no rule of statutory protection, no rule of evidence, and no rule of common sense is to be sacrificed, violated or abandoned when it comes to protecting the liberty of the subject.…

…They stated that there was no sufficient evidence to warrant their conviction for robbery with violence.…

…The evidence of PW1 was corroborated by that of PW2 and PW3. There was also the evidence of PW5 even though the P3 Form was filled several days after PW1 was assaulted.…

…The grounds of appeal are mainly that the evidence upon which he was convicted was insufficient and that his confession was retracted and uncorroborated.…

…Mr Nyaga for the state did not support the conviction and on by own assessment of the evidence I am in agreement with both counsels that the conviction was unsafe.…