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…of proof was shifted and the defence rejected, there was no evidence that PW3 entered the premises with a motorcycle, the electronic evidence was not properly produced, the appellant had a disability and could not ride a…

…Finally, he submits that burden of proof was shifted to him, yet he has not sought to demonstrate how.…

…Mr Azangalala also alleged in his memorandum of appeal that the magistrate had misdirected himself as regards the burden of proof and had failed specifically to state that he found the charge proved against the appellant…

…We have carefully studied the judgment but we are satisfied that, taken as a whole, the judgment shows that the magistrate did not err as regards the burden of proof and that the only interpretation of his judgment is that…

…The magistrate considered the forms with the whole evidence without placing any burden of proof on the appellant, and it was not indeed suggested that he had done otherwise in this appeal.…

…The burden of proof was on the prosecution throughout and the standard of proof was beyond reasonable doubt. The charge was based on the premises that the stuff was a petroleum product.…