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…So it is the subordinate court which makes the reference under section 67 (1) of the Constitution of Kenya (the Constitution), not the party.…

…It is perfectly clear that there was no matter before the Chief Magistrate as to the interpretation of the Constitution. For that reason section 67 of the Constitution did not apply.…

…Section 67(1) of the Constitution can only be invoked where any question as to the interpretation of the Constitution itself arises in any proceedings in any subordinate court.…

…A conflict between two Acts of Parliament is not a matter requiring the interpretation of the Constitution.…

…In his 7 grounds of appeal the appellant challenged the conviction and sentence contending, inter alia, that the proceedings were a nullity as the appellant’s right under section 72 (2) (b) of the Constitution had been violated…

…Section 72 (2) and (3) of the Constitution is to the same effect.…

…This provision has to be read together with section 72 (3) (b) of the Constitution of Kenya which states that a person who is arrested or detained upon reasonable suspicion of having committed, or being about to commit a…

…Act; by failing to comply with section 169 of the Criminal Procedure Code; by basing conviction and sentence on scanty and flawed prosecution evidence; by failing to observe contravention of section Article 50(1) of the Constitution…

…against the appellant being R M Criminal Case No 213/84 in the same court which took place a few days prior to the present trial, the appellant could not and did not have fair trial within the meaning of section 77 of the Constitution…

…That the learned Judge misdirected in law by failing to resolve the provision of section 72(3)(b) of the constitution. 3.…