1. Before this Court is the application dated 6th February, 2026. The Applicants JOG and DAN are seeking to be authorized to adopt Baby GMN hereinafter referred to as (“the Child”) and upon adoption, the Child is to be known as GOG. AOG was nominated for appointment as the Child’s legal guardian upon the granting of the adoption orders.
2. The Applicants are married and Kenyan Citizens as is evidenced by their National Identity cards. Their financial capability and ability to provide for the Child is evidenced by DAN’s payslip and JOG’s bank statement. Their health status is good, as evidenced by their medical reports, and they have no previous criminal record, as evidenced by police clearance certificates issued by the Directorate of Criminal Investigations.
3. The Child is the biological daughter of DAS and a stepdaughter of JOG. The applicants have stated that their primary motivation for pursuing adoption is to ensure the Child’s welfare by legally designating the male applicant (stepfather) as her legal father, thereby granting him the corresponding legal rights and responsibilities. Additionally, they seek the documentation to enable them to include the Child in various benefit programs, such as medical coverage and other insurance policies. Furthermore, the applicants aim to provide the Child with a sense of belonging, a stable identity, and a secure future.
4. . the report from the Ministry of Gender, Culture, and Children Services (Nairobi County) dated April 7, 2026, states that the Child is female. She is Kenyan, with known biological parents. The biological mother has given consent for the adoption, while her biological father is deceased. The Child was declared free for adoption on 19th November, 2025 by Kenya Children’s Home Adoption Society vide freeing Certificate Serial Number 1116.
5. The Child is a Kenyan Citizen by virtue of Article 14 (1) which provides that a person is a citizen by birth if on the day of the person’s birth, whether or not the person is born in Kenya, either the mother or father of the person is a citizen.
6. In light of the best interests of the Child principle provided for under Article 53 (2) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. Sections 8 (1), (2) and (3) of the Children’s Act No. 29 of 2022 and the 1st Schedule of the Children’s Act No. 29 of 2022, this Court has an obligation to prioritize the Child’s best interests in making decisions touching on her.
a. Article 53 of the Constitution, 2010 states that a Child’s best interests are of paramount importance in every matter concerning the Child.
b. Sections 8 (1), (2) and (3) of the Children’s Act No. 29 of 2022 provides as follows;
(1) In all actions concerning Children, whether undertaken by public of private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies:
(a) The best interests of the Child shall be the primary consideration;
(b) The best interests of the Child shall include, but shall not be limited to the considerations set out in the First Schedule.
(2) All judicial and administrative institutions, and all persons acting in the name of such institutions, when exercising any powers conferred under this Act or any other written law, shall treat the interests of the Child as the first and paramount consideration to the extent that this is consistent with adopting a course of action calculated to: -
(a) safeguard and promote the rights and welfare of the Child;
(b) conserve and promote the welfare of the Child; and
(c) secure for the Child such guidance and correction as is necessary for the welfare of the Child, and in public interest.
(3) In any matters affecting a Child, the Child shall be accorded an opportunity to express their opinion, and that opinion shall be taken into account in appropriate cases, having regard to the Child’s age and degree of maturity.
c. The First Schedule as provided for under Section 8 (1) of the Children’s Act No. 29 of 2022 provides best interests considerations to be as follows:
(1) The age, maturity, stage of development, gender, background and any other relevant characteristics of the Child.
(2) Distinct special needs (if any) arising from chronic ailment or disability.
(3) The relationship of the Child with the Child’s parent (s) and/ or guardian (s) and any other persons who may significantly affect the Child’s welfare.
(4) The preference of the Child, if old enough to express a meaningful preference.
(5) The duration and adequacy of the Child’s current living arrangements and the desirability of maintaining continuity.
(6) The stability of any proposed living arrangements for the Child.
(7) The motivation of the parties involved and their capacities to give the Child love, affection and guidance.
(8) The Child’s adjustment to the Child’s present home, school and community.
(9) The capacity of each parent or guardian to allow and encourage frequent and continuing contact between the Child and the other parent and/ or guardian (s), including physical access.
(10) The capacity of each parent and/ or guardian (s) to cooperate or to learn to cooperate in Child care.
(11) Methods for assisting parental and/ or guardian cooperation and resolving disputes and each parent’s/ guardian’s willingness to use those methods.
(12) The effect of the Child if one parent/ guardian has sole authority over the Child’s upbringing.
(13) The existence of domestic abuse between the parents/ guardian (s), in the past or currently, and how that abuse affects the emotional stability and physical safety of the Child.
(14) The existence of any history of Child abuse by a parent and/ or guardian (s); or anyone residing in the same dwelling as the Child.
(15) Where the Child is under one year of age, whether the Child is being breast - fed.
(16) The existence of a parent’s (s) or guardian’s (s) conviction for a sex offense or a sexually violent offense under the Sexual Offences Act.
(17) Where there is a person residing with a parent or guardian, whether that person; -
(a) Has been convicted of a crime under this Act, the Sexual Offences Act, the Penal Code or any other legislation.
(b) Has been adjudicated of a juvenile offence which, if the person had been an adult at the time of the offence, the person would have been convicted of a felony.
(18) Any other factor which may have a direct or indirect effect on the physical and psychological well -being of the Child.
7. The report from the Ministry of Gender, Culture, and Children Services, State Department for Children Services (Nairobi County), the Kenya Children’s Home Adoption Society, the guardian ad litem, and the proposed legal guardian all indicate that the child has formed a strong bond with JOG and her mother. They share a happy and positive relationship. The Child will be well cared for in their custody.
8. After careful consideration, I am persuaded that this adoption is in the best interests of the Child.
9. In the circumstances, I allow the Originating Summons dated 6th February, 2026 and make the following orders:
(a) The Applicants JOG and DAN are authorized to adopt the Child known as GMN.
(b) Upon adoption, the Child shall be known as GOG.
(c) The Child is declared to be a Kenyan Citizen by birth and is entitled to all rights and benefits under the Constitution of Kenya and all applicable laws.
(d) AOG is appointed the legal guardian of the Child.
(e) The Registrar General is directed to make the relevant entries in the Adopted Children’s Register in respect of the Child.
(f) The Registrar of births and deaths is directed to issue a birth certificate in respect of the Child’s new name.
(g) The guardian ad litem is hereby discharged.
10. It is so ordered.
DATED, DELIVERED and SIGNED at NAIROBI through the Microsoft Teams Online Platform on this 21ST day of MAY, 2026.
C. KENDAGOR
JUDGE
In the presence of:
Ms. Owiti, Advocate for the Applicants.
Ms. Beryl – Court Assistant.
2. The Applicants are married and Kenyan Citizens as is evidenced by their National Identity cards. Their financial capability and ability to provide for the Child is evidenced by DAN’s payslip and JOG’s bank statement. Their health status is good, as evidenced by their medical reports, and they have no previous criminal record, as evidenced by police clearance certificates issued by the Directorate of Criminal Investigations.
3. The Child is the biological daughter of DAS and a stepdaughter of JOG. The applicants have stated that their primary motivation for pursuing adoption is to ensure the Child’s welfare by legally designating the male applicant (stepfather) as her legal father, thereby granting him the corresponding legal rights and responsibilities. Additionally, they seek the documentation to enable them to include the Child in various benefit programs, such as medical coverage and other insurance policies. Furthermore, the applicants aim to provide the Child with a sense of belonging, a stable identity, and a secure future.
4. . the report from the Ministry of Gender, Culture, and Children Services (Nairobi County) dated April 7, 2026, states that the Child is female. She is Kenyan, with known biological parents. The biological mother has given consent for the adoption, while her biological father is deceased. The Child was declared free for adoption on 19th November, 2025 by Kenya Children’s Home Adoption Society vide freeing Certificate Serial Number 1116.
5. The Child is a Kenyan Citizen by virtue of Article 14 (1) which provides that a person is a citizen by birth if on the day of the person’s birth, whether or not the person is born in Kenya, either the mother or father of the person is a citizen.
6. In light of the best interests of the Child principle provided for under Article 53 (2) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. Sections 8 (1), (2) and (3) of the Children’s Act No. 29 of 2022 and the 1st Schedule of the Children’s Act No. 29 of 2022, this Court has an obligation to prioritize the Child’s best interests in making decisions touching on her.
a. Article 53 of the Constitution, 2010 states that a Child’s best interests are of paramount importance in every matter concerning the Child.
b. Sections 8 (1), (2) and (3) of the Children’s Act No. 29 of 2022 provides as follows;
(1) In all actions concerning Children, whether undertaken by public of private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies:
(a) The best interests of the Child shall be the primary consideration;
(b) The best interests of the Child shall include, but shall not be limited to the considerations set out in the First Schedule.
(2) All judicial and administrative institutions, and all persons acting in the name of such institutions, when exercising any powers conferred under this Act or any other written law, shall treat the interests of the Child as the first and paramount consideration to the extent that this is consistent with adopting a course of action calculated to: -
(a) safeguard and promote the rights and welfare of the Child;
(b) conserve and promote the welfare of the Child; and
(c) secure for the Child such guidance and correction as is necessary for the welfare of the Child, and in public interest.
(3) In any matters affecting a Child, the Child shall be accorded an opportunity to express their opinion, and that opinion shall be taken into account in appropriate cases, having regard to the Child’s age and degree of maturity.
c. The First Schedule as provided for under Section 8 (1) of the Children’s Act No. 29 of 2022 provides best interests considerations to be as follows:
(1) The age, maturity, stage of development, gender, background and any other relevant characteristics of the Child.
(2) Distinct special needs (if any) arising from chronic ailment or disability.
(3) The relationship of the Child with the Child’s parent (s) and/ or guardian (s) and any other persons who may significantly affect the Child’s welfare.
(4) The preference of the Child, if old enough to express a meaningful preference.
(5) The duration and adequacy of the Child’s current living arrangements and the desirability of maintaining continuity.
(6) The stability of any proposed living arrangements for the Child.
(7) The motivation of the parties involved and their capacities to give the Child love, affection and guidance.
(8) The Child’s adjustment to the Child’s present home, school and community.
(9) The capacity of each parent or guardian to allow and encourage frequent and continuing contact between the Child and the other parent and/ or guardian (s), including physical access.
(10) The capacity of each parent and/ or guardian (s) to cooperate or to learn to cooperate in Child care.
(11) Methods for assisting parental and/ or guardian cooperation and resolving disputes and each parent’s/ guardian’s willingness to use those methods.
(12) The effect of the Child if one parent/ guardian has sole authority over the Child’s upbringing.
(13) The existence of domestic abuse between the parents/ guardian (s), in the past or currently, and how that abuse affects the emotional stability and physical safety of the Child.
(14) The existence of any history of Child abuse by a parent and/ or guardian (s); or anyone residing in the same dwelling as the Child.
(15) Where the Child is under one year of age, whether the Child is being breast - fed.
(16) The existence of a parent’s (s) or guardian’s (s) conviction for a sex offense or a sexually violent offense under the Sexual Offences Act.
(17) Where there is a person residing with a parent or guardian, whether that person; -
(a) Has been convicted of a crime under this Act, the Sexual Offences Act, the Penal Code or any other legislation.
(b) Has been adjudicated of a juvenile offence which, if the person had been an adult at the time of the offence, the person would have been convicted of a felony.
(18) Any other factor which may have a direct or indirect effect on the physical and psychological well -being of the Child.
7. The report from the Ministry of Gender, Culture, and Children Services, State Department for Children Services (Nairobi County), the Kenya Children’s Home Adoption Society, the guardian ad litem, and the proposed legal guardian all indicate that the child has formed a strong bond with JOG and her mother. They share a happy and positive relationship. The Child will be well cared for in their custody.
8. After careful consideration, I am persuaded that this adoption is in the best interests of the Child.
9. In the circumstances, I allow the Originating Summons dated 6th February, 2026 and make the following orders:
(a) The Applicants JOG and DAN are authorized to adopt the Child known as GMN.
(b) Upon adoption, the Child shall be known as GOG.
(c) The Child is declared to be a Kenyan Citizen by birth and is entitled to all rights and benefits under the Constitution of Kenya and all applicable laws.
(d) AOG is appointed the legal guardian of the Child.
(e) The Registrar General is directed to make the relevant entries in the Adopted Children’s Register in respect of the Child.
(f) The Registrar of births and deaths is directed to issue a birth certificate in respect of the Child’s new name.
(g) The guardian ad litem is hereby discharged.
10. It is so ordered.
DATED, DELIVERED and SIGNED at NAIROBI through the Microsoft Teams Online Platform on this 21ST day of MAY, 2026.
C. KENDAGOR
JUDGE
In the presence of:
Ms. Owiti, Advocate for the Applicants.
Ms. Beryl – Court Assistant.